Joint Replacement

Overview

Conditions like arthritis or injuries can damage the articular cartilage that lines the joints. This can lead to joint pain and disability. If nonsurgical treatments do not improve a patient’s pain and joint function, joint replacement surgery may be an option. During the procedure, the damaged portions of the joint are removed and replaced with prosthetic components.

Implants

During a joint replacement procedure, the damaged portions of the joint are replaced with prosthetic components. The implant components may be made of metal or ceramic material, and plastic spacers may be inserted between the components to allow the joint to glide smoothly. Implant components are designed to mimic the function of a healthy joint. Joint replacement implants may be cemented into place, or they may be made of a material that allows the bone to grow onto the implant.

Procedure

During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision to access the joint, then removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the joint. These components are then replaced with the proper prosthetic components. The metal or ceramic components are placed first. Then, if needed, a plastic spacer is inserted between the two components.

Recovery

Recovery from joint replacement will depend on the individual patient. Exercise and physical therapy are important to the recovery process. For most patients, joint replacement improves pain and makes it easier to perform daily activities.